TEST TEN, SCORE TEN - Introduction of RINGBIO Amino QuaTest Kit
1. Introduction to aminoglycoside antibiotics
Aminoglycoside antibiotics are chemical substances extracted from Streptomyces or Pseudomonas or synthesized from natural products. They have good chemical stability and can be dissolved in water but are hardly soluble in fats and oils. It has a good killing effect on Gram-positive bacteria and negative bacteria, and is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Aminoglycosides combine with the ribosomal 30S subunit of the bacterium and the initiation codon of the messenger RNA to form an immobile complex, which called a streptomycin monomer. Since protein synthesis is accomplished by the movement of ribosomes on the messenger RNA strand, the formation of streptomycin monomers stops the synthesis of the protein at the initial stage, thereby affecting the survival of the bacteria. In addition, aminoglycosides can affect protein synthesis in two other ways. One way is to stop the synthesis of the protein by deconstructing the ribosome that is undergoing protein synthesis; the other is to provide the wrong amino acid so that the synthesized protein cannot perform its intended function. As an effective antibacterial agent, aminoglycoside antibiotics are one of the commonly used veterinary drugs in animal husbandry and aquaculture. In addition, they are often added to feed to promote animal growth and development. However, due to illegal or unreasonable use in the breeding process, excessive residues of aminoglycoside antibiotics in food have become one of the most concerned food safety issues. The main toxic side effects of such antibiotics are manifested in the impairment of hearing and kidneys. Therefore, many countries and institutions have established clear maximum residue limits for the residues of such drugs in food.
2. Structural characteristics and classification of aminoglycoside antibiotics
The aminoglycoside antibiotic has an aminocyclohexanol and one or more amino sugar molecules in the molecular structure, which are linked by a glycosidic bond. According to the chemical structure, antibacterial spectrum and resistance to passivation enzymes, these antibiotics can be divided into three generations. Representative drug and structural characteristics are shown in the table below.
| Antibiotics | Structural features | Representative drugs |
| First generation | Combination of fully carboxylated amino sugars and aminocyclitol | Neomycin, Kanamycin, Streptomycin, Paromomycin |
| Second generation | Containing deoxy amino sugar | Gentamicin, Micronomicin, Fortimicin |
| Third generation | Retains antibacterial activity, but has low ototoxicity and strong drug resistance | Netilmicin, Amikacin, Astromicin |
3. Method for detecting aminoglycoside antibiotics
The detection methods of aminoglycoside antibiotics are mainly divided into three categories: microbial method, immunoassay method and instrumental detection method. The respective principles and advantages and disadvantages are listed in the following table.
| Methods | Principle | Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Microbial | Compare the size of the inhibition zone | Simple equipment, low price, suitable for the detection of a large number of samples | Time consuming, poor stability, low accuracy, low sensitivity |
| Radioimmunoassay (RIA) | Isotopically labeled and unlabeled antigens, competitively inhibited with antibodies | Low reagent cost and high sensitivity | Complex operation, radioactive contamination and short indate |
| Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) | Enzyme-labeled antigen/antibody, antigen-antibody reaction | High sensitivity, strong specificity, wide application, easy operation, fast, low cost and strong field adaptability | Poor repeatability, high cross-reaction rate, suitable for qualitative and semi-quantitative testing |
| Fluoroimmunoassay (FIA) | Fluorescently labeled antigen/antibody, antigen-antibody reaction | Need fluorescence microscope | |
| Chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) | Luminescent substance labeling antigen/antibody, antigen-antibody reaction | Working curve drifts with time | |
| Gas chromatography (GC) | Different partition coefficients of each component after pyrolysis after derivatization | High sensitivity | Need derivatization first |
| Liquid chromatography (LC) | Different distribution coefficient | High sensitivity | Cannot pass UV detection directly |
| Capillary electrophoresis (CE) | Take advantage of differences in migration rates and allocation behavior | High separation efficiency, low sample consumption and short time | Sensitivity is not high enough |
| Thin layer chromatography (TLC) | Multiple adsorption-dissolution between the adsorbent and the extender | Simple operation, wide applicability, fast and low cost | The separation effect of biopolymer is not ideal |
4. Product description
Product name QuaTest Aminoglycosides Rapid Test Kit
Principle This product utilizes the high affinity antibodies against gentamycin, neomycin, kanamycin and streptomycin antibiotics, which can easily identify these potential hazardous substances in milk without any instrument.
a. Detection Limit (LOD) in Raw milk sample
| Aminoglycosides | MRL(μg/L)(EU/CO/US) | LOD(μg/L) |
| Gentamycin | 100/200/30 | 5-10 |
| Neomycin | 1500/500/150 | 4-6 |
| Kanamycin | 150/-/- | 5-10 |
| Streptomycin | 200/-/- | 20-40 |
| Dihydrostreptomycin | 200/200/125 | 20-40 |
b. Kit components
96test strips and 100pcs of micropipette tips
5. Contact Us
Just email to [email protected] / [email protected] for more information.
